Saturday, December 28, 2019

Graduation Speech By Maya Angelou - 1566 Words

Deshanna Glenn Professor Juliet Green Eng. 1310-014 February 18, 2016 Graduation Graduation is a ceremony that almost every single person is familiar with, thus building the connection of the reader. Graduation is an important transition in one’s life. It represents an accomplishment and signifies moving on to something better, more important and the pathway to use one’s knowledge to achieve one’s life goals. It calls for a celebration along with a grand commencement among family, friends, and peers. Maya Angelou’s, â€Å"Graduation†, is about a young African American girl, who is excited and proud of her academic achievements. She strives to bring the reader into her world, while looking forward to her grand commencement. There is no doubt that Maya Angelou is a fantastic writer and by her standards, â€Å"Graduation† is an amazing piece of writing and what Angelou does best is evoke feelings and empathy from her readers. By relating to them and detailing her emotions for everyone to see, she emphasizes her sense o f being wronged Angelou’s graduation was a pivotal moment in her life. She led the readers through her graduation as if they are sitting alongside her. Angelou’s method of telling her story is through imagery; Angelou describes the graduates, â€Å"Like travelers with exotic destinations on their minds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg10) â€Å"everyone said I looked like a sunbeam.† (Pg. 13) These give the readers a true picture of what was going on and imagery vision of how broadly the kids wereShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Maya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings 1036 Words   |  5 PagesFily Thiam English 002 Mrs. Vilato 9 April 2015 Rhetorical Analysis on â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou In Graduation, a chapter in her autobiography â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings†, Maya Angelou talks vividly about her middle school graduation in the segregated South. Graduation is an important milestone in most people’s life, as they get a degree and move on to their next level, something better and more important, with the hope that they can use their new knowledge to achieve their life goals andRead MoreAnalysis Of Graduation By Maya Angelou960 Words   |  4 PagesEssay on â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou Racial segregation was very dominant in the United States in the mid nineteen hundreds. This is the time that Maya Angelou was graduating from the eighth grade in Stamps Arkansas. The theme of racial segregation is well shown by the how different the schools of the African-Americans was compared to that of whites in the essay â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou. In the essay the Angelou points out that Lafayette County Training School didn’t have a lawn, hedges, tennisRead MoreFrederick Douglass And Maya Angelou Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagesand large amounts of discrimination toward their culture. Often times people cannot fathom what it is like to experience these inequities and only can get what it is like first hand through accounts of African Americans. Frederick Douglass and Maya Angelou both tell experiences where they were oppressed and demeaned just because of the color of their skin. Frederick Douglass’ â€Å"Learning to Read and Write† tells the account of how Douglass, a young slave, not only overcomes the depriving laws andRead MoreMaya Angelou s Graduation Day862 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscouraging comments about themselves, their confidence lowers, however, when a person hears uplifting and encouraging compliments, their confidence rises. These ideas appear multiple times throughout Maya Angelou’s, â€Å"Graduation Day†. The story refers to a young girl graduating the eighth grade. Maya Angelou encountered many people who challenged her personal growth because of the words spoken to her. Although common belief states words have no power, words have the power to influence an audience. WordsRead MoreGraduation by Maya Angelou Critique1386 Words   |  6 Pages121 SL May 9, 2012 â€Å"Graduation† Critique â€Å"Graduation† was written by Maya Angelou in 1969. Angelou was born in Missouri, but after her parents divorced, she was sent to live with her grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas. While in Arkansas, Angelou attended the Lafayette County Training School. The school is the setting for her essay â€Å"Graduation.† Angelou graduated from eighth grade at Lafayette with top honors and went on to graduate from high school. After high school, Angelou wrote over thirty playsRead Moremaya Angelou Graduation1259 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿09/19/2014 Maya Angelou - Graduation Graduation is an important transition time in every person’s life. It is about moving on to something better and more important and to use your knowledge to achieve life goals. This is what the children attending the grammar school believed as well, including Maya Angelou. Given from her point of view, the story Graduation has ethos because as an African American girl, she shared the same thoughts and feelings as everyone standing on the stage or inRead MoreMaya Angelou Response Essay717 Words   |  3 Pageshistory since colonial times. In her essay â€Å"Graduation,† Maya Angelou recollects the experience of her eighth grade graduation in the 1930s to examine the personal growth of humans caught in the adversity of racial discrimination. Through narrative structure, selection of detail, and use of imagery, Angelou encourages young blacks to follow their ambitions with pride, despite what the â€Å"white man† thinks of them. Through her narrative structure, Angelou aspires for young black students to maintainRead MoreAn Essential Factor For African American1636 Words   |  7 Pagescentury. Separation became the new motto for all of America even years after the end of slavery. With the contribution of Martin Luther King Jr., Maya Angelou, and Malcolm X, equality for blacks was made possible. It is invariably true that persistence is demonstrated in the works: â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† by Martin Luther King Jr., â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou and â€Å"A Homemade Education† by Malcolm X despite the oppositions these writers faced while trying to accomplish goals of racial equality toRead MoreThe Quotation Of Maya Angelou1066 Words   |  5 Pagesrazor that threatens the throat† (Angelou 4) Speaker: Maya Angelou Significance: Maya was supposed to give her Easter speech in a beautiful dress she imagined would make her look like a white movie star. Instead, it was an ugly hand me down and too long for Maya’s liking. Maya was disappointed in her dress because not only was it not what she expected, but she realized she will never look or be treated like a white movie star. The quotation shows that Maya Angelou was aware of the difficulties ofRead MoreMalcolm X And Maya Angelou And A Homemade Education1791 Words   |  8 PagesJr., â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou and â€Å"A Homemade Education† by Malcolm X, the authors discuss their experiences and fight against inequality. Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X and Maya Angelou were just a few of the hundreds of thousands of blacks who restlessly fought for civil rights. Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X and Maya Angelou showed that in the face of adversity to persevere you must always remain strong and steadfast if you wish to succeed. Even with Malcolm X and Maya Angelou facing

Friday, December 20, 2019

Arbitration And Sports Association And Dispute Resolution...

TO: Professor Reeves FROM: 6090 RE: Arbitration and Sports: National Basketball Association and dispute resolution under the American Arbitration Association’s rules and procedures DATE: November 30, 2015 I. INTRODUCTION As litigation continues to be a time-wasting, costly, distracted, and unsatisfactory practice for dispute resolution, alternative dispute resolution increases in popularity, specifically, mediation and arbitration. Arbitration is a cost efficient substitute to litigation that is the yielding of a dispute to an impartial party in order to receive a final incumbent decision in the form of an award. Arbitration is sensitive, classified, and modeled to be a swift, and inexpensive solution to dispute. Participating parties may include additional terms in the agreement identifying arrangements to their agreements’ arbitration clauses to meet the requirements of their discrete dispute. In summation, arbitration is process that is private, speedy, cost efficient, and customized to the liking of the parties involved. Alternative dispute resolution is by no means a recently adopted form of dispute resolution. Courts now yield a vast number alternative dispute resolution alternatives, with even some courts requiring that cases be taken to mediation before the court will allow the litigation process to begin. In many facets of industry, alternative dispute resolutions are much preferred alternatives to the litigation process. For example, the construction industryShow MoreRelated Sports Agents Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesSports Agents People have been entertained by sport since before the gladiators in the Roman Coliseum. In the 20th century, the publics’ passion for sport consumes more and more of their free time. As sports figures became internationally recognized, athletes began to realize their need for professional representation. Thus, sports agents were born. The field of sports agents has grown since then into an enormous field. Agents now deal with every aspect of an athlete’s life. Agents can be consideredRead MoreAlternative Dispute Resolution (Adr) Strategies Research Worksheet Resolving Employment Conflict2884 Words   |  12 PagesAlternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Strategies Research Worksheet Resolving employment Conflict Topic : Alternative Dispute Resolution Response to Topic A: General Motors (Negotiation) ADR is generally classified into at least four types: negotiation, mediation, collaborative law, and arbitration. In negotiation, participation is voluntary and there is no third party who facilitates the resolution process or imposes a resolution (Alternative Dispute Resolution, paraRead MoreSt. John s University Department Of Athletics1662 Words   |  7 Pages2019, unless earlier terminated as set fourth in this Contract. 2. PERFORMANCE Head Coach agrees to serve as the head men’s soccer coach according to the term of this Contract. During the term of this Contract, Head Coach shall report to and be under the immediate supervision of St. John’s Director of Athletics (Director). The Head Coach is responsible for the overseeing all aspects of the Men’s Soccer Program and shall devote his time and attention to the duties required of him as the St. John’sRead MoreTopics in Labor Relations4957 Words   |  20 Pagesterms and conditions regarding employment. These terms and conditions include compensation as well as rights and responsibilities of employees, employers, and unions. They can also include guidelines for resolving problems such as grievances and disputes (Budd, 2010, p. 13). According to our text book, Labor Relations: Striking a Balance, increased focus on quality and greater competitiveness caused changes in business that have shaped collective bargaining in three ways. First, collectiveRead MoreEu, Nafta, Asean12786 Words   |  52 Pagesby  six countries  in 1951 and 1958 respectively. In the intervening years the EU has grown in size by  the accession of new member states  and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. TheMaastricht Treaty  established the European Union under its current name in 1993.[12]  The latest amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the  Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. The EU operates through a system of  supranational  independent institutions and  intergovernmental  negotiated decisionsRead MoreCase 11 Mabindra Mabindra B 10337 Words   |  42 Pagesglobal markets. The company stormed into the global limelight with the formidable success of its Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)-the S.corpio.,,3 Going forward, MM planned to expand its global reach by launching its vehicles in the international markets including North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. However, analysts said it This case study was written by Syeda Maseeha Qumer and Vandana Jayakumar, under the direction of Vara Vasanthi, IBS Hyderabad. It is intended to be used as the basis for classRead MoreGym, Health Fitness Clubs in the Us Industry Report.P Essay13388 Words   |  54 Pagesrecreational sports facilities featuring exercise and other active physical fitness conditioning or recreational sports activities, such as swimming, skating or racquet sports. Firms are also involved in facilities management and fitness instruction. MainActivities Theprimaryactivitiesofthisindustryare Aerobic dance and exercise centers Athletic club facilities for physical fitness Body building studios for physical fitness Fitness centers, health clubs and gyms Recreational sports club facilitiesRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages40 30 20 10 0 African–American 1996 Asian 2006 Projected Hispanic White 75.3 72.7 11.3 11.6 4.3 5.4 9.5 11.7 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 1996—2006. 8 Section 1 HR Management—Strategies and Environment are expected to increase faster than the African-American labor force. This increase means that non-whites will compose about 28% of the U.S. labor force by 2006. Also, with 36% of all children under age 18 being non-whiteRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesWiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive,Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. 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Thursday, December 12, 2019

Performance and Profitability of an Organization

Question: Discuss about the Performance and Profitability of an Organization. Answer: Introduction Performance and profitability of an organization depend on the performance of its workforce. In order to perk up performance and motivation of the employees, the most recognized and effective process is employee reward system (Shields et al. 2015). Reward systems motivate employees to change and enhance their work habit and key behaviors so that their respective organizations can be benefited. Importance of reward systems in employee motivation In spite of being the most effective motivational factor, reward systems and their applications are still biased in most of the business organization. Employee reward systems are divided into two parts that are intrinsic reward system and extrinsic reward system. Intrinsic reward systems are non-physical rewards. They cannot be seen or felt but are emotionally associated with the employees. According to Conrad et al. (2015), intrinsic reward rewards can be defined as the sensation of satisfaction one finds in the completion of any task. On the other hand, extrinsic reward systems come from an external source such as employers only. However, according to Cho and Perry (2012), extrinsic rewards can also be attached emotionally if implemented properly as employees value such rewards. A debate is always is there to decide which rewards systems is most effective as implanting both intrinsic and extrinsic would be a tough job for small organizations. That is why; most of the organizations tend to use either intrinsic or extrinsic rewards. As money is considered as the most valuable asset, extrinsic rewards are implemented in most of the organizations. However, as mentioned by Shields et al. (2015), not all the employees can be motivated by financial rewards as recognition, sense of achievement, extra holidays and other intrinsic rewards are also desired by them. In order to find out which rewards is better and can implement higher motivation among the employees, many types of research took place. Some of those researches supported intrinsic reward and some of them supported extrinsic reward. As a result, it is yet not clear that which rewards system a small organization can execute in their organizational culture to motivate its employees. Besides, it is also important to find out the best reward within intrinsic or extrinsic reward system. For example, bonus or commissions might implement more motivation among the employees than fringe benefits. It helps an organiza tion to focus on one particular yet effective reward process, which will reduce the implementation and maintenance, cost (Presslee et al. 2013). In todays business environment, where competition among the organizations is fierce, the need for reward systems is paramount. That is why; it is important to conduct research on the current business atmosphere to figure out which reward systems will fit the most. In order to carry out this research, an organization will be selected where motivation level of the employees are comparatively low. Carrying out research in such organization will help to understand which reward systems are mostly welcomed by the employees. Conclusion In the end, it can be said that employee reward system is a process that must be updated and upgraded according to the needs of the employees. One organization cannot just implement one reward method and expect all the employees to get motivated from it. Especially for different industries, the priorities and expectations of the employees are different. That is why; reward systems that will be able to motivate employees in different industries will be different too. References Cho, Y.J. and Perry, J.L., 2012. Intrinsic motivation and employee attitudes role of managerial trustworthiness, goal directedness, and extrinsic reward expectancy. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32(4), pp.382-406. Conrad, D., Ghosh, A. and Isaacson, M., 2015. Employee motivation factors: A comparative study of the perceptions between physicians and physician leaders. International Journal of Public Leadership, 11(2), pp.92-106. Presslee, A., Vance, T.W. and Webb, R.A., 2013. The effects of reward type on employee goal setting, goal commitment, and performance.The Accounting Review,88(5), pp.1805-1831. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Undertake The CSR Strategies Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Undertake The CSR Strategies. Answer: Introduction to the CSR The changes that are being undertaken in the organizational structures based on the change in the demands and the supplies have helped the organizations in evolving a new culture. The new culture is based on the requirements of the organization to cope up with the market demand. Therefore, the organization takes steps in order to ensure the progression that is being planned by the organizations. The improvements in the organizational structure are being undertaken through certain factors that judge the responsibility of the organizations towards the society and the stakeholders of the company (Aguinis and Glavas 2012). It is through the proper functioning of the stakeholders and the society that the company undertakes its decisions. Therefore, the decisions taken by the organization in order to bring in the progress is based on the availability of the resources. The sustainable approach that is being planned by the organization is based on the responsibilities that the companies owe to the society and the stakeholders of the company at large. These set of responsibilities can be termed as the Corporate Social Responsibility or the CSR. It helps in determining the progress made by the organizations in the respective markets. It determines the sustainable approach of the organizations and the actions that portrays their conservable actions on the environment. The functions that are being undertaken by the organizations, through the production and the distribution processes, affect the environment through the depletions and the pollution. Therefore, the companies are required to take steps in order to control the rates of the pollution in order to lower the harmful emissions in the atmosphere. It can be termed as the sustainable approach of the organization (Bondy, Moon and Matten 2012). The approach of the organizations and their care for the society is the basis of the CSR that is being followed by the organization. Critical review of the importance of the CSR The CSR is an important factor that must be adhered buy the organizations in order to ensure that the organizations make their progress in the market structure. Moreover, the growing needs of the conservation of the resources available in the environment is another important factor that justifies the reason as to the why the companies are required to be sustainable in nature. According to Flammer (2013) the CSR determines the sustainable approach of a company, and not only so, but also it helps in determining the position of the organization in the market. The most important factor that is being undertaken by the organization is based on the eco-friendly practices that are being adhered by the organizations during their functioning. On the other hand, Jiraporn et al. (2014) stated that the most common factor that is being undertaken by the organizations are based on the profitability of the steps that are being undertaken by the organizations. CSR is not only important as it focuses on the sustainability of the environment through the steps undertaken by the organization, but also it focuses on the relations that are being undertaken by the organizations with its chief stakeholders. The maintenance of a good relation with the companys stakeholders helps the organization in undertaking the quick progression in the market. It has helped the organization in making the most of the resources and thereby excel in the market. According to Hilson (2012) the most important function that is being taken by the organizations is based on the sound relation with its chief stakeholders. It helps the organization in gaining over the confidence and thereby make a quick progression in the market. The most important changes that the organization must take is based on the sustenance of the organization and the relative growth and expansion of the organization in the foreign markets. The growing awareness among the people and the global concern for the depletion of the environment through the industrial emissions is a proven cause which is being judged by the people all around the world. Therefore, in order to achieve the sustainable market, the organizations must take steps in order to bring in the eco-friendly practices. It will help the organization in making its progress in the markets. Most of the analysts have pointed out that the resourcefulness of the CSR, undertaken by the organizations has helped them in undertaking their progress in the markets. It has helped the organizations in establishing a good relation with the stakeholders, minimized the costs of production and thereby have resulted to the smooth functioning of the organizations resulting to the growth and expa nsions in their respective markets. Moser and Martin (2012) stated that the most important phenomenon in the management of the organization is based on the determination of the CSR of the organization as it helps in the understanding of the structure of the organization and its objectives. The most important steps that ate being undertaken by the organizations is based on the empowerment of the society in which they undertake their functions. The most important part of the CSR is based on the organizations charity that is being undertaken in order to upgrade the standard of living of the people in the region where the organization is functioning. Organizations with the aim of earning fair returns on their investments live a short termed existence in the markets. On the other hand, the others- who are looking for a sustainable and balanced market, undertakes steps in order to undertake the norms and the considerations of the CSR in order to bring in improvements in the organizational structure and the market of the organizations. Therefore, from the above discussion it can be stated that the organizations must undertake the process of the CSR in order to bring in changes in the market of the organization and also to maintain a sustainable approach. On the other hand, the organizations undertaking of the CSR will facilitate the sustainability of the environment and the people at large. CSR reports of two UK companies The CSR reports that are being enumerated of the two UK based companies are being discussed in this section of the analysis. It will help in the understanding of the undertakings of the organizations and the responsibility that the organizations hold respectively towards the environment and the people at large. Thorntons Thorntons is a premium chocolate company based on the UK. The product offering s of the organizations is based on the dairy products as it manufactures the dark and the milk chocolates to be distributed within the borders of the nation. The company has undertaken steps in order to review their CSR as a basis of their motto which is to bring in smiles in the faces of their consumers (Casey and Grenier 2014). It is a sustainable approach of the organization which has helped the organization in surviving the market competition that the company and its products faced in the market. On the other hand, the sustainable nature of the organizations can be understood from their adherence to the CSR techniques. It has helped in the undertaking of the eco-friendly techniques of manufacturing the products and the charity that is being undertaken by the organization towards its society. The company undertakes charitable functions, which is being funded by the staff members of the organizations. It undertakes steps in order to empower the community through their charitable attempts (Tang, Hull and Rothenberg 2012). Moreover, the company also donates money for the well being of the needed people in the community. It is therefore a social function that the organization undertakes. It helps in determining the sustenance of the society in which the concerned organization functions. The fund raising pursuits have helped in bringing in the improvements in the community. It is due to the actions of the organizations that the community has started developing and through the developments of the communities, the company progressed and developed. On the other hand, the environment policy that is being undertaken by the organization has helped in the maintenance of the environment. The eco-friendly measures that are being undertaken by the organization have helped in the conservation of the natural resources during the production process (Brammer, Jackson and Matten 2012). Moreover, the harmful emissions are also being controlled by technologies that are being applied by the organization in the production process. The company also undertakes the recycling of the waste materials before dumping them in the open environments or the landfills. It has helped in the growth of a healthy environment for the communities. The company aims at saving the energy while conducting their production processes in order to make sure that the organization is conserving the energy for the future usage. The target that is being set by the Food and Drink Federation is being undertaken by the organizations as it has decreased the consumption of energy by 10% in a years time (Cheng, Ioannou and Serafeim 2014). Therefore, it shows the progress made by the organization in order to save the energy in the production and the distribution of the goods that are being produced by the organization. On the other hand, the company has also undertakes steps in order to regulate the usage of the water in their production process. It has helped the organization in making significant changes in order to make a sustainable market for them. The company has signed the Commitment of the Federation House 2011, which stated that the company will reduce the usage of water during the production process by 20%. It will help the organizatio n in the proper undertaking of the CSR functions. Greggs UK It is one of the largest bakeries in the nation. The products that the company specializes on are based on the requirements of the consumers. It is the sweet baked goods and the cakes that the bakery produces which is facing a high demand in the UK market. The company has expanded kin the later years of its inception. Recently it holds some 1600 retail stores around the markets of its operations. The CSR that is being adhered by the organization is the point of discussion of this section of the report. The company has raised funds through the employees and the staff members in order to set up the Greggs foundation which contributes to the breakfast clubs of the schools in the UK. Therefore, it is into its charitable consent where the company cares for the local communities and donates the sum of money in order to bring ion changes in their lives. On the other hand, they have contributed large sums of money for the North of England Childrens Cancer Research Fundand theBBCs Children in Needappeal (Low and Ang 2012). Moreover, the company takes steps in order to employ the offenders in the prison house in order to deliver a good life. On the other hand it has taken partnership with the Job Centre Plus in order to provide vacancies for the young people who are desiring to work (Dhaliwal et al.2012). Therefore, it helps in the creation of the employment and thereby raises the standard of living of the people living in the community. The company also undertakes steps in order to manage the wastes efficiently so as not to affect the wellbeing of the environment and the people living in the same. The steps that are being taken by the organization helps in reducing the wastes from the environments. Therefore, the steps taken by the company helps in rendering a healthy life to the communities. On the other hand, the proper usage of the Photovoltaic rooftops has helped the organization ink conserving the power. It helps in the reduction of the carbon. It is estimated that some 1.3m kWh of electricity will be generated for the usage in the bakeries which will help the organization in saving almost around six hundred tons of carbon (Crane, Matten and Spence 2013). The sustainable approach of the organization has helped in its considerable growth in the UK markets and thereby the usage of the CSR has helped the organization in balancing their business environment with the life of the communities. References Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2012. What we know and dont know about corporate social responsibility: A review and research agenda.Journal of management,38(4), pp.932-968. Bondy, K., Moon, J. and Matten, D., 2012. An institution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in multi-national corporations (MNCs): Form and implications.Journal of Business Ethics,111(2), pp.281-299. Brammer, S., Jackson, G. and Matten, D., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-economic review,10(1), pp.3-28. Tai, F.M. and Chuang, S.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), p.117. Casey, R.J. and Grenier, J.H., 2014. Understanding and contributing to the enigma of corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance in the United States.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(1), pp.97-130. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance.StrategicManagement Journal,35(1), pp.1-23. Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L.J., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in a global context. Dhaliwal, D.S., Radhakrishnan, S., Tsang, A. and Yang, Y.G., 2012. Nonfinancial disclosure and analyst forecast accuracy: International evidence on corporate social responsibility disclosure.The Accounting Review,87(3), pp.723-759. Flammer, C., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and shareholder reaction: The environmental awareness of investors.Academy ofManagement Journal,56(3), pp.758-781. Hilson, G., 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries: Experiences from developing countries.Resources Policy,37(2), pp.131-137. Jiraporn, P., Jiraporn, N., Boeprasert, A. and Chang, K., 2014. Does corporate social responsibility (CSR) improve credit ratings? Evidence from geographic identification.Financial Management,43(3), pp.505-531. Low, K.C. and Ang, S.L., 2012. Confucian leadership and corporate social responsibility (CSR), the way forward. Moser, D.V. and Martin, P.R., 2012. A broader perspective on corporate social responsibility research in accounting.The Accounting Review,87(3), pp.797-806. Tang, Z., Hull, C.E. and Rothenberg, S., 2012. How corporate social responsibility engagement strategy moderates the CSRfinancial performance relationship.Journal of Management Studies,49(7), pp.1274-1303.